Hebrews Chapter 7

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter Seven Theme: Explaining the necessary change in the priesthood

BACKGROUND

This Chapter is about a change in the priesthood that God had planned way before he had Moses appoint Aaron as Israel’s first high priest. When God told the serpent in the Garden of Eden that his head would be bruised by the Seed of women, God in his triunity knew that this would be a role God the Son would fulfil through his crucifixion and resurrection. However, the fuller picture would involve God the Son being mankind’s mediator, high priest, prophet, king and judge. 

The historical preparation for Jesus being our high priest not only involved setting up high-priestly practice through Aaron and his successors but establishing a separate line for an everlasting priesthood that only Jesus could fulfil. Melchizedek, who met with Abraham long before Aaron was born, was God’s way of introducing that eternal high priesthood, which surpasses the Aaronic priesthood in every way.

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 7 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-10

All we know of Melchizedek from Genesis 14:18-20 is set out in verses 1-3, plus his evident lack of genealogy and similarity to the Son of God. Some scholars actually think he was a pre-incarnation appearance of Christ. The writer then goes on to show Melchizedek’s superiority by telling how even Abraham paid Melchizedek a tithe and received a blessing from him. Levi, who is mentioned in verses 9-10, was Abraham’s great-grandson and the head of Moses and Aaron’s tribe.

Question

•  In what way is it significant that God established the priestly line for Jesus through one who is both king of righteousness and king of peace?

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Verses 11-22

The argument that the Aaronic/Levitical priesthood had to be replaced because it didn’t bring perfection shows that perfection has been God’s aim from the beginning. The law also had its limitations. Changing both the law and the priesthood, sees Jesus being made high priest from the tribe of Judah on the basis of an indestructible life. His appointment is confirmed by an oath (see Psalm 110:4). All of this speaks of a better covenant through which we can draw near to God.

Questions

• If the law of Moses and the Aaronic/Levitical priesthood were interim, what was God seeking to achieve by putting them in place?

• Can you describe a link between drawing near to God and reaching perfection?

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Verses 23-28

Verses 23-25 establish the permanence of Christ’s priesthood, affirming that his continuing intercessory role brings a completeness to his work of salvation. Verses 26-27 show that not only did Jesus have no need to sacrifice for his own sins, but that his sacrifice suffices once for all. Verse 28 confirms that whereas the law appointed high priests in their weakness, God’s oath appointed Christ in his perfection.

Questions

• Why is it so important to stress that when Jesus died for sin, he died ‘once for all’? 

• How is it that a high priest who is ‘holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners’ and ‘exalted above the heavens’ is so good at meeting our needs? 

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

This chapter informs us that God has always had an ultimate plan which he has been introducing to humanity step-by-step through interim measures. The important thing to hold onto is that the ultimate reality is far better than the interim measures.  

PRAYER & REFLECTION

In verse 18 we are told that ‘a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God.’ It would be good to end this time of study by quietly drawing near to God. After a time of silence you might like to pray along the following lines:

Father God,

The perfection of your planning leaves us in awe. 

You truly are the one who knows the end from the beginning.

Indeed, you are the one who defined the end from the beginning.

We are confident that, as you steered our predecessors 

through the types and figures of the past towards a better covenant, 

so you will establish our hearts and minds in the joy of your presence.

Help us to understand the fulness of your new covenant,

this better covenant that brings us nearer to your perfection.

In Jesus’ name we pray.

Amen

Hebrews Chapter 6

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter Six Theme: Acknowledging limitations and vulnerabilities, and finding a promise to hold onto

BACKGROUND

This Chapter picks up on the need for maturity that was introduced in Chapter 5 preparing us for a more in-depth look at the high priestly ministry in Chapters 7-10. The writer’s commitment to seeing his readers holding firm to their faith is very much the motivation behind this chapter.

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 6 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-3

The writer sets out six foundational points that Jewish believers would have been taught when coming to Jesus. They are: repentance, faith, cleansings (baptisms), the laying on of hands, resurrection and judgement. Each deserves a close look. They provide an insight into how well they had been taught when embracing Christianity from a Jewish background. Cleansing rites were important and for them  baptism carried that understanding (see Acts 2:38). The laying on of hands was associated with receiving the Spirit (Acts 8:17), commissioning (Acts 6:6; 13:3) and healing (Luke 4:40). They would have known, though, that all three could happen without the laying on of hands. 

Questions

•  How does this foundation-laying line up with the foundation-laying you experienced when you came to faith? 

• Can you give a reason as to why the writer lists repentance and faith first?

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Verses 4-8

These are challenging verses and we start by looking at the illustration in verses 7-8. This is not a contrast between land that is well watered and land that suffers drought. Both were well watered. Saying that the land ‘drinks the rain often falling on it’ (see verse 7) highlights the blessings God pours onto believers. These are listed in verses 4-5: enlightenment, tasting the heavenly gift, sharing in the Holy Spirit, tasting the goodness of the word of God and the powers of the age to come. Despite this downpour of blessings, some still produce thorns. They live as if the crucifixion achieved nothing. The problem, which is highlighted verse 6, relates to the challenge of restoring such people to repentance. The Holy Spirit constantly works to bring about repentance (see David in Psalm 51:11), but some people only get as far as remorse (see Esau in Hebrews 2:17), having set their hearts against the Holy Spirit’s work (see Matt 12:32). 

Other helpful verses are: 1 John 5:16; Galatians 6:1 and James 5:19.

Question

• In the light of John 16:8-11, what do you think it means for us as Christians to welcome the ‘sin-convicting’ work of the Holy Spirit in our lives?

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Verses 9-12

These are encouraging words to hold onto after the challenge of verses 4-8. Verse 12 lays the foundation for some exciting lessons from the lives of others that we will come to in Chapter 11.

Question

• What encouragement can you draw personally from the statement that ‘God is not unjust; he will not forget your work and the love you have shown him as you have helped his people’?

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Verses 13-20

When God made his promise to bless Abraham and his descents, it was a doubly guaranteed promise: God said it, and then backed it with a binding commitment by way of an oath. God wants us to know that his purposes are unchanging. We have a hope that we can hold onto with confidence as Jesus has anchored it in the heavenly holy of holies where he has entered to serve as our high priest. 

Question

• What value do you see in Jesus having anchored our hope?

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

Although this chapter carries warnings, it also carries a lot of encouragement. Its main purpose is declared in verse 1: ‘let us move beyond the elementary teachings about Christ and be taken forward to maturity.’ Despite the challenges, the writer is showing an underlying confidence in the growth-potential of every believer. 

PRAYER & REFLECTION

Maybe a good way to reflect on the chapter is to think again about the blessings poured on the lives of believers: enlightenment, tasting the heavenly gift, sharing in the Holy Spirit, tasting the goodness of the word of God and the powers of the age to come. We can give thanks for this as we pray.

Lord Jesus

We thank you for the enlightenment you have brought to our lives,

and are amazed that you have allowed us to taste the gift of heaven.

We recognise the cost to you of giving us a share in the Holy Spirit.

He only abides in us because of your work of reconciliation on the cross.

We have indeed tasted the goodness of the Word of God, 

and experienced something of the powers of the age to come,

and for these realities we are deeply grateful. 

Continue to increase our understanding 

as we pray in your name.

Amen

Hebrews Chapter 5

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter Five Theme: Celebrating Jesus, our great high priest

BACKGROUND

Chapter 4 taught us more about entering into God’s rest, and began to say more about Jesus as our high priest. In this chapter the writer says more about the high priestly role of Jesus and once again stresses the importance of not falling away. 

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 5 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-6

Here the writer gives us an insight into the way high priests have functioned ever since the days of Aaron. Aspects mentioned include: appointment, representation and the offering of gifts and sacrifices. The gentleness of high priests is said to relate to their own weaknesses, which means that when making sin offerings they are doing it for themselves as well as for others. The comparison with Jesus starts with his appointment, citing Psalm 2:7 and Psalm 110:4.

Question

 How do you think first century Jewish believers in Jesus would have responded to hearing that Psalms they had grown up with actually held statements about Jesus that sounded as if the psalmists were listening into conversions between God the Father and God the Son that had taken place in eternity?  

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Verses 7-10

These verses emphasise the humanity of Jesus, especially with regard to Gethsemane. The expression ‘Son though he was’ in verse 8 is important. Nothing here takes away from his divinity. ‘Learned obedience’ and being ‘made perfect’ need to be seen in this light. They play a part in Jesus being designated ‘high priest in the order of Melchizedek’ but, as we shall see in Chapter 7, Melchizedek was unique and carried unusual characteristics. 

Questions

•  How do you rate the ability of the Church to recognise the humanity of Jesus alongside his divinity?

• What can we learn for our own prayer life from the way Jesus prayed at Gethsemane?

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Verses 11-14

The writer is concerned that those he is addressing have become apathetic. He expects them to have progressed to being teachers but concludes they make little effort to understand. He compares them to infants wanting milk rather than meat who consequently have failed to train themselves to discern good from evil. 

Question

• How do you assess your own progress in terms of tackling meatier concepts that might take you on to maturity?

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

The writer is taking us on a journey of understanding. Issues have already been introduced in these first five chapters yet need to be examined more rigorously. At the end of this chapter a challenge is laid down to prepare us for what is to come. 

PRAYER & REFLECTION

You may have noticed that themes are beginning to flow from chapter to chapter, and that there are times when the chapter breaks interrupt lines of thought. You may like to find a time when you can read the whole letter to the Hebrews at one sitting. If this is difficult, do at least consider checking back as you read. It may be that a lead-in from the previous chapter will help to hold concepts together. It would be good, as you pray together, to focus on the grace to transition from spiritual milk to spiritual meat. 

Father God

We thank you for the challenge to move on from spiritual milk to spiritual meat, 

and thank you too for the challenge to become those who can teach others.

We not only want to be those who are able to discern good from evil,

but yearn to be those who can pray with passion as Jesus did. 

When trials come to perfect our obedience,

we long to be known for our reverent submission.

 And we ask this in the name of the one 

who is our example and inspiration,

Amen

Hebrews Chapter 4

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter Four Theme: Discovering the rest that remains

BACKGROUND

Chapter 3 introduced us to the way we can learn lessons from the past. This chapter looks more closely at the outworking of Psalm 95:7-11, which the writer quoted in chapter 3. The thought of holding firmly to our faith is still never far away.

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 4 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-5

The writer explains that the failure of the Israelites to enter into rest when reaching the promised land means that the opportunity to enter into God’s rest is still available  for those of us who have heard the good news and believed it. The point is emphasised by quoting again from Psalm 95:11 and followed up by confirming that the rest which God is referring to as ‘my rest’ is actually the rest he has been experiencing since completing creation by forming mankind. This means that God’s ‘seventh day rest’ was to be humanity’s experience from our first day onwards. Humanity lost that rest in the fall, and then went on to miss out again when entering the promised land.

Question

• How do you think humanity’s restlessness has affected individuals and society since the fall?

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Verses 6-11

In saying ‘it still remains for some to enter that rest’, the writer shows that God’s purposes can never be thwarted. The emphasis on ‘today’ is then brought home strongly by saying that David was deliberately setting a new opportunity when he, inspired by the Holy Spirit, wrote ‘Today if you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts.’ In verse 10 more light is shed on the nature of God’s rest and in v11 the need to prioritise entering it is emphasised.

Question

• How do you bring together the reality of ‘resting from our works’ with ‘making every effort’ to enter into rest?

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Verses 12-13

In these verses we see how God keeps us on track through the penetrating power of his word.

Question

• Have you experienced the Bible speaking into your life in a powerful way that you would be able to share?

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Verses 14-16

In the final verses of this chapter we come back to the theme of Jesus as our high priest (see Hebrews 3:1). Although Jesus, unlike previous high priests, is without sin, he can still support us as he has experienced every possible temptation. What is more, he has made it possible for us to come into God’s presence, boldly approaching the throne of grace. Previously, only the high priest could come before the earthly mercy seat and that was just once a year to receive mercy for the nation. We can now come whenever needed to receive personally God’s mercy and grace. 

Question

• What does it mean to you to ‘receive mercy and find grace to help’ when you are in need?

• How would you summarise the benefit of being able to find grace as well as to receive mercy?

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

This chapter has made it clear that there is an open door for us to enter into God’s rest. It has also talked about the power of God’s word to keep us on track, and told us how we can receive mercy and find grace. In the next chapter we will explore further the high priestly ministry of Jesus.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

As you end this time of study as a group or an individual, think about how committed God is to seeing us enter into his rest.

Father God

Thank you for your commitment to seeing us released from our strivings,

and for opening up for us the rest you have known from creation. 

We will never be worthy of that privilege, but we resolve to enter in,

trusting unreservedly in your mercy and grace.

Thank you too for the correction you bring through your word,

and for making Jesus our high priest

 who sympathises with us in our weakness.

 And it’s in his name that we pray,

Amen

Hebrews Chapter 3

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter Three Theme: Learning a lesson from the wilderness

BACKGROUND

In chapter 2 we saw the importance of appreciating the humanity of Jesus. Now we are presented with a contrast between the role of Moses and the ministry of Jesus. The writer then brings a lesson from Israel’s time of wandering in the wilderness, using Psalm 95:7-11 to emphasise the opportunities they missed. It is a pivotal chapter as it paves the way for greater contrasts to come.

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 3 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-6

These verses start by encouraging us to fix our eyes on Jesus who is the builder of the house and head over it. In this the writer compares him with Moses who was faithful in the house. The writer then states that we are the house,as long as we hold firmly to our confidence and hope.

Question

• How does ‘fixing our eyes on Jesus’ help us to hold firm to our confidence and hope?

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Verses 7-14 

Here the writer explains the significance of the Holy Spirit’s message in Psalm 95:7-11 about not hardening our hearts. These verses are then used to show the importance of encouraging each other to stand firm. The writer particularly emphasises the importance of the word ‘Today.'

Question

• When the writer speaks about being ‘hardened by sin’s deceitfulness’, what  does it mean and how can it happen?

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Verses 15-19 

These verses are introduced by a repetition of Psalm 95:7-8. The rebellion referred to happened at a place called Meribah, which means quarrelling. The writer focuses on the consequences of the Israelites’ rebellion and unbelief in the wilderness, even  though Moses was leading them to freedom out of Egypt. This is in preparation for further lessons to come in Chapter 4..

Question

• Given the way the writer of Hebrews is making his case, this could be a good moment to read Romans 15:4. Here Paul speaks of learning from things written in the past. Discuss the possibility of things in the past not only having been written down for us to learn from but actually having been set in place for us to understand God’s overall plan. 

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

This chapter introduces us to learning lessons from the past. This was important for Jewish believers in Jesus, as God had chosen their nation to prepare the world for the coming of Jesus. This makes their history relevant for us too.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

As you end your time of study as a group or individually, focus your thoughts on God’s thoroughness in preparing the world for the coming of Jesus. 

Father God

Your patience throughout history touches our hearts.

You endured more from your creation than we can ever imagine,

Yet your love and commitment never faltered.

Help us to learn from that as we seek to encourage each other.

We want to stand firm in you and be strong for one another.

Strengthen us as we turn away from rebellion and unbelief

and fix our eyes on Jesus as our apostle and high priest.

In his name we pray,

Amen

Hebrews Chapter 2

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter Two Theme: Appreciating God’s total identification with our humanity

BACKGROUND

In Chapter 1 we saw how the Father speaks of the Son, and how he has spoken to him. Now we will see how the Son has spoken to us, and how we need to register the responsibility this brings. Whereas chapter 1 focuses on the divinity of Jesus, this chapter establishes his humanity. The theme of holding to our faith is never far away.

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 2 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-4 

The NIV translation of ‘drift away’ in verse 1 is a helpful reminder of the effect of inactivity. ‘So great salvation’ in verse 3 is also a good reminder. The greatness of that salvation was certainly backed up by the experience of the early Church..

Questions

• How do these verses begin to emphasise the greater value of what we have received?

• What safeguards against drifting away are you already beginning to notice the writer is presenting?

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Verses 5-9 

In this section the translators of the NIV have opted to translate Psalm 8:4-6 differently from those who worked on the NKJV. Both translations are theologically viable. The NKJV sees the writer’s quotation from Psalm 8:4-6 as referring to Jesus, whereas the NIV translators, by using ‘their’ and ‘them’ rather than ‘he’ in verse 8, apply it to mankind. Theologically: humanity was ‘lowered’ at the fall, but Jesus was ‘lowered’ at the cross. It is the suffering of Jesus on the cross that redeems us from the fall and raises us to glory.

Questions

• How do you understand the fall in the quotation from Psalm 8:4-6? 

• How do you see the outworking of the cross in the Psalm 8 quotation and the verses that follow it?  

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Verses 10-13 

Verse 10 picks up on ‘crowned with glory’ from the Psalm 8:5 quotation, applying it to mankind. The main focus in these verses, though, is on Jesus fully identifying with us in his pioneering role. The writer then gives three quotations to show family closeness: Genesis 3:15; Psalm 22:22; Psalm 8:17-18.

Questions

• How does the thought of us being ‘brothers and sisters’ to Jesus help you in your day-to-day living?

• Do you also find it helps you in your prayer-life and worship?

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Verses 14-18 

In these verses the identification argument is strengthened, and emphasis is placed on the way breaking the fear of death frees us from slavery. Christ’s high priestly ministry is introduced, with verse 18 saying that, since Christ suffered when tempted, he can help us when we are tempted.

Questions

• What are the different ways in which the fear of death grips people? 

• As the concept of Christ’s priestly ministry is introduced, what benefits of that ministry mean do you think might apply to you?

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

This chapter has focused particularly on Christ’s identification with us in our humanity, but it also begins to introduce aspects of Christ’s priestly ministry. The writer is continuing to build his case for believers standing firm in their faith.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

As you end your time of study as a group or on your own, focus your thoughts on Christ's identification with us. You may find this prayer of thankfulness helpful. 

Father God,

Thank you for sending Jesus to identify with us in our need.

Thank you that even before humanity fell, you had a plan of restoration.

Thank you for lifting us up through Christ’s suffering on the cross.

Thank you for bringing many sons and daughters to glory.

We thank you for our many brothers and sisters around the world.

Strengthen us all in the tests we face in seeking to live wholeheartedly for you.

In Jesus name,

Amen

Hebrews Chapter 1

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Standing firm in the realities of a better covenant

Chapter One Theme: Recognising the role and reign of God the Son

HISTORY

The Hebrews letter does not disclose who it is written by or who exactly it is intended for, although its contents imply a Jewish audience under pressure to renounce Christ. A concluding mention of Timothy in prison suggests a writer who was close to Paul’s team. Both Hebrews and Galatians argue that the Mosaic covenant is surpassed and fulfilled in the new covenant, with the new covenant being God’s original and ultimate plan. However, the styles differ.

Furthermore, as Timothy’s imprisonment is not mentioned by Paul in either of his letters to him, a date after Paul’s death (normally given as around AD 65) is indicated. Mention of Temple activity (e.g. Heb 8:4-5) and the comment about the old covenant’s imminent disappearance (Heb 8:13) may suggest a date prior to the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. 

As it was sent from Italy, and Paul is believed to have died in Rome, it might be the work of someone seeking to preserve Paul’s legacy by following up on the pastoral and theological concerns Paul was known to have for those who shared his Jewish heritage.   

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Make sure you watch the video covering Hebrews 1 and have a Bible ready in front of you.

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Verses 1-4 

These verses establish the role of God the Son in creating and sustaining creation. 

They also show how his crucifixion was a victory leading to his post-ascension enthronement It  afforded him the exalted position he now holds (see Phil 2:6-11).

Questions

• How do these verses portray the broad sweep of Christ coming from the heights of heaven to meet our needs before returning to heaven?

• How should we understand the privilege of being spoken to by the Son rather than by the prophets?

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Verses 5-14 

In verses 5.14 the writer confirms Christ’s sonship by quoting Bible verses described as ‘words never said to angels.' Here is the list:

• Verse 5 quotes Ps 2:7 and 2 Sam 7:14 from Nathan’s prophecy to David. 

• Verse 6  quotes Deut 32:43 (Septuagent). 

• Verse 7 quotes Ps 104:4 to set up the place of angels before going on to …

• Verses 8-9 that quote Ps 45:6-7 referencing the anointing of the Anointed one which echo ascension references in Phil 2:6-11, Acts 2:33 and Ps 133:2. 

• Verses 10-12 quote Ps 102:25-27 confirming Christ’s eternal nature. 

• Verse 13 quotes Ps 110:1 a verse which Jesus uses Himself in Mt 22:41-46.

In verse 14 the writer speaks of the role of angels towards us.

Questions

• Which of the Old Testament verses quoted by the writer speaks to you most powerfully and why?

• Many speculate about how angels serve us. If we were to focus just on our worship, how would you say angels help us to celebrate God’s goodness, and what, if anything, can we add to their worship?

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

The writer to the Hebrews begins this letter by giving us a powerful insight into the person and work of Christ, particularly of his victorious entry into his ascended glory (having humbled himself to meet our needs). The writer affirms that Christ speaks more powerfully than the prophets he sent, and reigns above the angels he created. This understanding of Christ’s supremacy is foundational for the whole letter.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

End your time as a group, or individually, with prayer. It may be helpful to first focus your thoughts by reading and applying the words of Psalm 24 as a way of bringing together the thoughts raised in this chapter. 

Lord Jesus,

We come before you in all humility and deep gratitude.

We thank you for providing purification for our sins on the cross,

and we celebrate your ascension and the overflowing of your anointing. 

We are so grateful for the giving of the Holy Spirit.

He changed lives at Pentecost 

and continues to change lives today.

Anoint us afresh to receive the empowering words you speak into our lives

 and continue to transform us through all that you have done and are doing.

In your name we pray.

Amen

James Chapter 5

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Wisdom

Chapter Three Theme: Prayer whilst anticipating the Lord’s return

BACKGROUND

The last chapter in James is another challenging chapter, however it’s important to remember that James’ heart is one of love for his Jewish brothers and sisters, and he wants them to shine as the Church.

Session Resources

Download Video (SD / HD)

Download Session Notes (PDF)

Verses 1-6

James opens the final chapter with a rebuke against those living in self-indulgence and unfairness, reminding them that earthly wealth will not save them.

Questions

• Do you consider yourself to be rich? How much do you need to be happy?

• Do you think this rebuke is directed only towards those who are rich? Why/Why not?

Verses 7-9

James continues with a reminder to be patient, because the harvest is coming, and there is going to be a reckoning. 

Questions

• Often, when we think of being in the last days, it is accompanied by a sense of urgency. Why do you think James calls us to be patient?

• How can we wait effectively for the Lord to return?

Verses 10-12

This call to patience is then illustrated with the prophets of the Old Testament, emphasising a call to integrity.

Questions

• How good are you at keeping your word?

• James names Job as an example of perseverance. What did Job’s perseverance in suffering look like?

Verses 13-16

We now reach a collection of calls to action, with a reminder that God can restore us, and so we should continue in prayer.

Questions

• Think about the current challenges you are facing. Have you brought them before the Lord?

• Why do you think James includes a response to happiness in the middle of these verses?

Verses 16-18

This is driven home by a reminder of how Elijah prayed. We get the impression that Elijah was some sort of super-human with all the amazing things he did. But James is clear - Elijah was a normal person.

Questions

• Discuss other heroes of faith - Can you think of any from recent times who’s prayers have resulted in incredible outcomes?

• What prayers have you seen answered?

Verses 19-20

James finishes on a hopeful note - If we bring people to repentance, they will be saved from death.

Questions

• What holds us back from guiding those who have lost their way back on-track?

• Are you able to respond in hope to every situation?

KEY TAKEAWAYS

This last chapter of James really causes us to focus our attention on looking forward - We are in the last days, and need to persevere in faith until the Lord’s return. However, after all the tough challenges James has presented through his letter, he ends the letter in an incredibly hopeful place; leaving us with reminders of the power of prayer and the hope of restoration for the lost.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

End your time as a group, or individually, in a time of prayer. If it is helpful, below is a written prayer you can use as a reflection on James’ thoughts and foundations that we have considered today. At the end of the prayer is a declaration you may want to spend time on before speaking it out.

Dear Father God,

Thank you that you are returning and making all things new,

Thank you that there is hope for restoration for those who are lost,

And that anything is possible for one who believes.

Please help us to remember all the lesson in this letter,

To apply them in our lives, and grow in maturity and faith,

As we continue to walk with you.

Please help us to persevere through every trial,

Remembering to look forward in faith,

And let us have the courage to pray boldly against

Every sickness, trial and sin.

Today I choose to live in the truth and hope of this letter.

I choose to live by faith, and press on in the race that you have for me.

In Jesus name,

Amen

James Chapter 4

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Wisdom

Chapter Three Theme: Treating others with respect and humility

BACKGROUND

James led the church in Jerusalem, and had a real heart for believers. He’s practical and straightforward - not afraid to call out and challenge sinful attitudes and behaviours. Being around other believers helped him recognise a pride there was in their religious righteousness, and so in this letter James really highlights the sinful nature we have to wrestle with, using practical applications for living in the world.

Session Resources

Download Video (SD / HD)

Download Session Notes (PDF)

Verses 1-5

James begins Chapter 4 with a strong exhortation - Challenging the way we treat one another, as well as how we respond to our desire. Selfishness, Quarrelling and Pride have no place in the Kingdom of God.

Questions

• What are you currently striving for? Have you asked God about this?

• How can we respond in the right way to people we disagree with?

Verses 6-8

After conviction comes a reminder of the hope we have. God gives grace, and if we draw close to Him, He will draw close to us.

Questions

• What times in your life have you experienced God’s grace?

• How can we practically draw close to God?

Verses 8-10

However, with the hope comes a passionate plea to do whatever it takes to get back to that place of humility where God can lift us up.

Questions

• Why do you think God lifts up those who humble themselves?

• How can we ‘purify our hearts’ if our hearts are not in the right place?

Verses 11-12

James then brings this back around to a practical reminder of how we treat one another - connecting back to the exhortation at the start of the chapter.

Questions

• This letter was for believers in the early church. Why do you think it was easy for them to get into quarrelling and slander?

• Are there other ways in which we as the Church can fall into trying to override or undermine the law?

Verses 13-17

Chapter 4 finishes with a warning against boasting, reminding us that life is a mist, and that our arrogant plans could lead us astray.

Questions

• In the video we are reminded that mist can water the ground. What ground are you called to water and sow into?

• What common sins of omission do we have to guard against?

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Once again, this chapter is packed with challenges for us to hold fast to, particularly challenging our attitude toward others. Are we able to show love, faithfulness, and grace to one another? Or do we live in judgement, pride and selfishness?

PRAYER & REFLECTION

Take a moment to consider God’s commitment to you. How He longs for you. His jealousy for you, His Grace. How does that lead you to respond?

Think for a moment about the pleasures of the world that distract you from God. What do you need to lay down before Him?

Spend some time praying about this as an individual or as a group. If it helps, you may want to write down areas of your life that you want to commit to God.

When you’re ready, you may want to pray this prayer.

Dear Father,

Thank you for your love.

Thank you for your grace, which is enough for me. 

You are amazing!

I am sorry and repent from all the pleasures of the world 

that I have allowed to distract me from your unconditional love.

(Pause here, and use the opportunity to confess

Anything that comes to mind)

Please cleanse my heart and transform me so that you may be my all in all.

In Jesus’ name,

Amen

James Chapter 3

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Wisdom

Chapter Three Theme: Application of Wisdom

BACKGROUND

In this chapter, James really digs deep into some essential guidance for Christian living. Leading the church in Jerusalem, James would have witnessed the journeys of many early disciples, and therefore would have known the challenges and traps that believers can get caught in. As James' mirror analogy in the previous chapter alludes to, this passage provides another great opportunity for us to check our reflections against.

James reminds us to check what we say, along with the motives that drive us even in blessings like teaching and wisdom.

Session Resources

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Verses 1-6

James begins Chapter 3 with a caution about desiring to teach. As it will lead to stricter judgement, we need to watch ourselves and keep our bodies in check, especially our tongues, which can cause a lot of trouble!

Questions

• In what ways can our tongues cause us to sin? What measures can we put in place to protect ourselves from this sin?

• If teachers are judged more strictly as it says in verse 1, why should anyone teach in the first place?

Verses 7-12

James continues by underlining how dangerous the tongue can be, and how important it is to avoid becoming a walking contradiction in how we live our lives.

Questions

• How can we discipline our tongues to stop them from bringing destruction?

• In what ways can we bless people in what we say (instead of curse)?

Verses 13-16

James then goes back to wisdom, and the importance of demonstrating it in humility, as the selfish wisdom of the world brings disorder.

Questions

• How can we remain humble in our wisdom?

• Why are envy and selfish ambition dangerous things to hold onto in our lives?

Verses 17-18

After this, James goes into the attributes of the wisdom that comes from God - Quite a stark contrast to the wisdom that comes from the world!

Questions

• How can we discern if the wisdom we have is from God or from the world?

• Which of the attributes described in verse 17 do you find the most challenging?

KEY TAKEAWAYS

This chapter is very much focused on the practical application of wisdom, with a strong emphasis on warning us in how we communicate with others. It provides us with a strong challenge to discipline how we speak, and a useful reflection for us to check ourselves.
Both sections of the chapter come back to this question of why we do what we do, as true Godly wisdom can only be lived out in humility and peace.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

End your time as a group, or individually, in a time of prayer. If it is helpful, below is a written prayer you can use as a reflection on James’ thoughts and foundations that we have considered today.

Dear Lord,

Thank you for providing us with this challenge in James,

May our words be always for your glory.

May we learn to control our tongues,

And speak life and blessing into the lives of those around us.

Thank you that you can provide us with all the wisdom we’ll ever need,

Please help us to learn to discern the difference between

The wisdom of the world and your perfect wisdom.

Help us to learn to walk in humility even in our successes,

And let us be driven by love instead of selfish ambition.

Thank you for providing us with a perfect example of

Wisdom and humility in Jesus.

Thank you for the salvation that we have received in Him.

In Jesus’ name,

Amen

James Chapter 2

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Wisdom

Chapter Two Theme: Putting our Love & Faith into action

HISTORY

The church in Jerusalem that James led was made up of Messianic Jews, and facing a lot of hardship - famine, persecution and poverty were among the pressures that the congregation were potentially facing, which may give some extra reasoning behind the teaching that James gives here.

James being the half-brother of Jesus, would also have seen the type of faith and love that Jesus displayed, and as such this chapter doesn’t hold back on its calling to live radically!

Session Resources

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Verses 1-7

James dives into Chapter 2 with an example of Christ-like living - We are called to value each and every person as Jesus does, without favouritism. We are also reminded here of the dangers of wealth and power.

Questions

• How good are our churches at making sure every person is valued, without favouritism?

• How can we guard ourselves from the corrupting influence of power and wealth?

Verses 8-13

This leads onto a reminder of one of the most important laws in scripture - To love our neighbour as ourselves, followed by a reminder not to live in a place of superiority.

Questions

• Who are the neighbours around us that God is calling us to love?

• How can we put our love for others into action?

Verses 14-19

Next comes a very well-known passage, where James makes the case that faith without works is dead, and that true faith should be backed up by how we live.

Questions

• James writes about empty words as a reflection of empty faith. How easy do you find it to use words when actions would serve better?

• Think of examples of how actions can express your faith.

Verses 20-26

James finishes the chapter with Abraham and Rahab, two examples from the Old Testament, where their faith was counted as righteousness through how they responded.

Questions

• Can you think of any more examples in scripture where people were counted as righteous? What was it that made them righteous?

• Where does our righteousness come from?

KEY TAKEAWAYS

This chapter really drives home two points: to love one another, and to back our faith up with works. This isn’t a call to become legalistic and try to achieve a works-based salvation, but rather a reminder not to become passive over the gifts of faith and love that God has given us.

James gives some serious warnings of how neglecting to live by faith and love can lead to sin, and so he provides some solid exhortations on how to live as God’s children.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

End your time as a group, or individually, in a time of prayer. If it is helpful, below is a written prayer you can use as a reflection on thoughts and reflections that James has presented us with today.

Dear Lord,

Thank you that it is by grace alone that we have been saved,

and that faith, hope and love are gifts from you.

Please help us to apply these gifts in our lives today.

Search our hearts and show us any area where our 

love for our neighbours falls short

or where we need to backup our faith with the works to demonstrate it.

Where there is favouritism, we ask that you would help us to love everyone,

and where our faith feels small, please give us the confidence we need in you.

In Jesus’ name,

Amen

James Chapter 1

THEMES

Overarching Theme: Wisdom

Chapter One Theme: Perseverance through Trials & Temptations

HISTORY

‘James the Just’ as he was later called, was the brother of Jesus, the son of Joseph. Initially a sceptic of the ministry of Jesus, he later became a believer when Jesus appeared to him after the resurrection. Later still, he became the leader of the church in Jerusalem.

The letter is addressed to the Jews scattered across the diaspora, and covers the importance in being a testimony to your own people group.

Session Resources

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Verses 1-8

After opening with his initial greetings, James jumps straight into a very challenging passage on facing trials with perseverance, along with teaching us how to respond correctly in wisdom and faith.

Questions

• James’ first instruction of considering trials as ‘pure joy’, is a very challenging scripture! How can we practically respond in joy, faith and wisdom when faced with trials & pressures in our daily life?

• What does the ‘maturity’ described in this passage look like in the world today?

Verses 9-12

James then continues by talking about poverty and riches, and how the riches of this world will not last. This draws us back to the challenge of persevering for the richness of life in the Kingdom of God.

Questions

• James challenges us not to put our hope in riches. Why do some find it so easy to misplace their hope?

• Why are the rich challenged to take pride in their humility?

Verses 13-15

James then shifts from looking at external pressures, to internal temptations, reminding us that they can very easily lead to spiritual deadness if we aren’t careful.

Questions

• James makes it quite clear here that temptation isn’t from God. What are the sources of temptation in your life?

• Discuss how you can build up defences against temptation to keep yourself safe from the enemy’s tricks.

Verses 16-21

Next comes a reminder of who we are as born again believers, and what that means.

Questions

• Every good and perfect gift is from above - What good gifts have you received?

• What is the word of truth that you have been born into?

Verses 22-27

James continues with another call to action, challenging us to put our Faith into practice and make the necessary changes.

Questions

• Which biblical commands do you find the most challenging to recognise and put into practice in your life?

• Think of examples of fellow Christians who have stood out for their faith. What was it that gave them that distinctiveness?

KEY TAKEAWAYS

James’ letter is an incredibly practical one, and really illustrates how scripture can act as a mirror for our lives. While it can be quite challenging and convicting, James qualifies the difficulty, by giving clear instruction on how we can face trials and temptations.

We are consistently reminded that victory is in remembering who we are in Christ, and the promises that God has for us.

PRAYER & REFLECTION

End your time as a group, or individually, in a time of prayer. If it is helpful, below is a written prayer you can use as a reflection on thoughts and reflections that James has presented us with today.

Dear Lord,

Thank you so much for making us new.

Thank you that you are not finished with us yet.

Thank you for the practical guidance that you have given us

in your Word through the book of James.

We ask that you would help us to be open to correction,

That as we journey through scripture,

We will be guided by the Holy Spirit in growing and maturing in Christ.

Please give us wisdom in every area of our lives where we need clarity,

And help us to overcome every doubt in our hearts,

That we may be fully ready to walk by faith

Wherever you call us.

And lead us not into temptation

But deliver us from evil.

In Jesus name,

Amen.

Session 1

Welcome to the wilderness

Registering the shift from Eden to a barren land

Before the devil tempted Jesus in the wilderness, he had, many thousands of years earlier, tempted a man and a woman in a garden. The result then was a shift from Eden to a barren land. Now there’s to be another shift, this time from the wilderness to Eden. Jesus has come to restore the offer of Eden. 

In this first study we look at the parallels between the two encounters.

Session 2

Longing – overcoming inequality

Jesus deals with the ‘lust of the flesh’

For thirty years Jesus has seen firsthand what He, His Father and the Holy Spirit have long observed from heaven. As He prepares to counter selfish longings at a personal level, Jesus cannot ignore the global inequalities such longings have caused. John the Baptist described Jesus as God’s sacrificial lamb that will take away the sins of the world. Jesus knows He’s not only come to provide a remedy for personal sin, He also has to deal with the effects of global sin. 

In this study we look at the first wilderness temptation recorded by Matthew, Mark and Luke.

Session 3

Looking – overcoming territorialism

Jesus deals with the ‘lust of the eyes’

Following the order in Luke’s Gospel, we now come to our second temptation, and find the devil already moving quickly to take Jesus onto higher ground. Clearly he’s not going to give up with Jesus until he’s used all three prongs of his attack. Having failed to ensnare Jesus by drawing on His inner longings, he now seeks to discover how deeply Jesus feels for this world He has created.

This test not only involves a relocation, but also requires a vision. The temptations are intensifying.

Session 4

Aspiring – overcoming populism

Jesus deals with the ‘pride of life’

Twice now Jesus has replied to the devil using verses of Scripture. As we come to the third temptation (still using Luke’s order), we see the devil also quoting Scripture as he seeks to tempt Jesus on the basis of the pride of life. The devil has already lost out on being worshipped by God, which was, and undoubtedly still is, his deepest longing. However, the pride of life has often been the strongest part of his three-fold attack and he’s not going to give up easily. 

The devil no doubt thinks that he may still get Jesus to compromise and ruin His mission. We are about to see what in many ways is his most elaborate temptation.

Session 5

Moving on from the Wilderness

As we watch the devil slink away, we have to accept that he’ll be back. Getting rid of him will be a long-term project. There’ll be more challenges before the cross, and even then the mortal wound he’ll receive will not instantly eliminate him. It’s going to take an army of faithful people, transformed by the cross and living resurrection lives in the power of the Holy Spirit, to reinforce the upcoming victory. Just as the man and woman in Eden were able to walk and talk with God before making their choice, so for three years the people of Judea and Galilee see firsthand the realities of the kingdom Jesus has come to bring us into. 

Two thousand years ago it was a surprise to many that in proclaiming His kingdom Jesus recruited the poor, the imprisoned, the blind, the oppressed and the marginalised. Today, He is still recruiting those who are humble enough to reach out to the tree of life and take up the now-restored offer of life that was rejected in Eden.